Make the dough: In the bowl of a stand mixer, whisk together 1 cup (125g) flour, brown sugar, salt, yeast, ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves by hand.
In a small saucepan, heat cubed butter, water, milk, and molasses over medium-low heat until butter is melted and an instant-read thermometer registers 120°F (49°C) to 130°F (54°C). Add warm butter mixture and vanilla to flour mixture; using the paddle attachment, beat at low speed until combined. Add eggs, and beat until well combined. With mixer on low speed, gradually add 1½ cups (188g) flour, beating just until combined and stopping to scrape sides of bowl.
Switch to the dough hook attachment. Beat at low speed until a soft, sticky dough forms, 5 to 7 minutes, stopping to scrape sides of bowl and dough hook; add up to remaining ¼ cup (31g) flour, 1 tablespoon (8g) at a time, if dough is too sticky. Turn out dough onto a lightly floured surface, and shape into a smooth round.
Lightly oil a large bowl. Place dough in bowl, turning to grease top. Cover and let rise in a warm, draft-free place (75°F/24°C) until doubled in size, 35 to 50 minutes.
Turn out dough onto a lightly floured surface, and gently press into an 8x6-inch rectangle. Loosely wrap in plastic wrap. Refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to overnight.
Spray an 8½x4½-inch loaf pan with cooking spray. Line pan with parchment paper, letting excess extend over sides of pan.
Make the filling: In a medium bowl, combine room temperature butter, brown sugar, ginger, cinnamon, salt, nutmeg, and cloves. Using a silicone spatula, press and stir together until well combined.
On a lightly floured surface, roll dough into a12x10-inch rectangle (about ½-inch thick). Using a small offset spatula, spread room temperature butter mixture onto dough, leaving a ½-inch border around edges. Using a knife or pastry wheel, cut dough into 4 (10x3-inch) strips. Starting at one short end of prepared pan, arrange 1 dough strip in a zigzagging ribbonlike pattern, leaving about ½-inch gap between dough and long sides of pan. Repeat with remaining dough strips.
Cover and let rise in a warm, draft-free place (75°F/24°C) until puffed, 30 to 35 minutes.
Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C).
Bake for 15 minutes. Loosely cover with foil, and bake until top and sides are golden and an instant-read thermometer inserted in center registers 190°F (88°C), 20 to 25 minutes more. Let cool in pan for 15 minutes. Using excess parchment as handles, remove from pan, and let cool completely on a wire rack.
Make the molasses glaze: (makes ⅓ cup) In a medium bowl, stir together all ingredients until smooth and well combined. Drizzle immediately over cooled loaf.